二甲基姜黄素对Fe~(3+)的选择性识别研究

以姜黄素和碘甲烷为原料,一步合成了二甲基姜黄素分子探针L,其结构经X-射线单晶衍射、~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和ESI-MS等分析手段确证。该化合物晶体属单斜晶系,空间群C2/c,晶胞参数:a=22.317(6)nm,b=8.703 8(19)nm,c=23.039(5)nm,β=93.378(10)°,V=4 467.4(18)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.206 g·cm-3,F(000)=1 720,μ(MoKα)=0.088 mm-1,R=0.080 9,ωR=0.216 3。探针L在甲醇-水溶液(体积比9∶1,Tris-HCl缓冲溶液,p H 7.2)中对Fe~(3+)具有选择性识别和较强的抗干扰能力。通过紫外滴定以及质谱确证探针L与Fe~(3+)形成1∶1配合物,结合常数(K)为1.089×106L/mol。该识别体系在Fe~(3+)浓度为5.5×10-6~3×10~(-5)mol/L范围内具有较好的线性关系(r2=0.997 8),检出限为2.2×10~(-6)mol/L。     

Dual‐Targeting Nanovesicles for In Situ Intracellular Imaging of and Discrimination between Wild‐type and Mutant p53

p53 is a tumor‐suppressor protein related to the cell cycle and programmed cell apoptosis. Herein, dual‐targeting nanovesicles are designed for in situ imaging of intracellular wild‐type p53 (WTp53) and mutant p53 (MUp53). Nanovesicle‐encapsulated plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were functionalized with consensus DNA duplexes, and a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐marked anti‐MUp53 antibody was conjugated to the nanovesicle surface. After entering the cytoplasm, the released AuNPs aggregated through recognition of WTp53 and the double‐stranded DNA. The color changes of AuNPs were observed using dark‐field microscopy, which showed the intracellular WTp53 distribution. The MUp53 location was detected though the immunological recognition between FITC‐labeled anti‐MUp53 and MUp53. Thus, a one‐step incubation method for the in situ imaging of intracellular WTp53 and MUp53 was obtained; this was used to monitor the p53 level under a drug treatment.     

Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Borylation of Amides: Evidence for Acyl C−N Bond Activation

A nickel/N‐heterocyclic carbene catalytic system has been established for decarbonylative borylation of amides with B₂nep₂ by C?N bond activation. This transformation shows good functional‐group compatibility and can serve as a powerful synthetic tool for late‐stage borylation of amide groups in complex compounds. More importantly, as a key intermediate, the structure of an acyl nickel complex was first confirmed by X‐ray analysis. Furthermore, the decarbonylative process was also observed. These findings confirm the key mechanistic features of the acyl C?N bond activation process.     

Amorphous Li2O2: Chemical Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties

When aprotic Li–O₂ batteries discharge, the product phase formed in the cathode often contains two different morphologies, that is, crystalline and amorphous Li₂O₂. The morphology of Li₂O₂ impacts strongly on the electrochemical performance of Li–O₂ cells in terms of energy efficiency and rate capability. Crystalline Li₂O₂ is readily available and its properties have been studied in depth for Li–O₂ batteries. However, little is known about the amorphous Li₂O₂ because of its rarity in high purity. Herein, amorphous Li₂O₂ has been synthesized by a rapid reaction of tetramethylammonium superoxide and LiClO₄ in solution, and its amorphous nature has been confirmed by a range of techniques. Compared with its crystalline siblings, amorphous Li₂O₂ demonstrates enhanced charge‐transport properties and increased electro‐oxidation kinetics, manifesting itself a desirable discharge phase for high‐performance Li–O₂ batteries.     

Molecular Characterization of Secondary Aerosol from Oxidation of Cyclic Methylsiloxanes

Cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) have been identified as important gas-phase atmospheric contaminants, but knowledge of the molecular composition of secondary aerosol derived from cVMS oxidation is incomplete. Here, the chemical composition of secondary aerosol produced from the OH-initiated oxidation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅, C₁₀H₃₀O₅Si₅) is characterized by high performance mass spectrometry. ESI-MS reveals a large number of monomeric (300 < m/z < 470) and dimeric (700 < m/z < 870) oxidation products. With the aid of high resolution and MS/MS, it is shown that oxidation leads mainly to the substitution of a CH₃ group by OH or CH₂OH, and that a single molecule can undergo many CH₃ group substitutions. Dimers also exhibit OH and CH₂OH substitutions and can be linked by O, CH₂, and CH₂CH₂ groups. GC-MS confirms the ESI-MS results. Oxidation of D₄ (C₈H₂₄O₄Si₄) exhibits similar substitutions and oligomerizations to D₅, though the degree of oxidation is greater under the same conditions and there is direct evidence for the formation of peroxy groups (CH₂OOH) in addition to OH and CH₂OH.

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Phase behavior and Li+ Ion conductivity of styrene‐ethylene oxide multiblock copolymer electrolytes

Solid polymer electrolytes are attractive materials for use as battery separators. Here, a molecular weight series of polystyrene–polyethylene oxide (PEO) multiblock copolymers was synthesized by the thiol–norbornene click reaction. The subsequent materials were characterized both neat and with a lithium bis‐(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide salt loading [(Li)/(EO)] of 0.1. In general, neat samples demonstrated crystallinity scaling with PEO content. Lithium ion‐containing samples had broad scattering peaks, half of which displayed disordered scattering, even at the lowest block molecular weights (polystyrene = 1 kg/mol, PEO = 1 kg/mol). Fitting of disordered scattering data, using the random phase approximation, yielded χ_RPA and R_g values that were compared with recent predictive work by Balsara and coworkers. The predictions were accurate near the volume fraction f_PEO = 0.5 but deviated symmetrically with volume fraction asymmetry. Samples were also analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for their potential to conduct lithium ions. Samples with f_PEO ≥ 0.5 demonstrated robust conductivity, whereas samples below this volume fraction conducted very poorly, with one exception (f_PEO = 0.24). This work expanded upon our recently reported approach to multiblock copolymer synthesis, demonstrating the improved access of materials to further our fundamental understanding of multiblock copolymers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ortho‐hydroxyl effect and proton transfer via ion–neutral complex: the fragmentation study of protonated imine resveratrol analogues in mass spectrometry

The fragmentation pathways of protonated imine resveratrol analogues in the gas‐phase were investigated by electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Benzyl cations were formed in the imine resveratrol analogues that had an ortho‐hydroxyl group on the benzene ring A. The specific elimination of the quinomethane neutral, CH₂ = C₆H₄ = O, from the two isomeric ions [M1 + H]⁺ and [M3 + H]⁺ via the corresponding ion–neutral complexes was observed. The fragmentation pathway for the related meta‐isomer, ion [M2 + H]⁺ and the other congeners was not observed. Accurate mass measurements and additional experiments carried out with a chlorinated analogue and the trideuterated isotopolog of M1 supported the overall interpretation of the fragmentation phenomena observed. It is very helpful for understanding the intriguing roles of ortho‐hydroxyl effect and ion–neutral complexes in fragmentation reactions and enriching the knowledge of the gas‐phase chemistry of the benzyl cation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Attractive natural products with strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane ring systems

The strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane subunits occurred in many complex natural products including terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids. Natural products with cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane motifs not only furnished fascinating structures, but also exhibited versatile biological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunosuppressive effects. This review covered a large array of structurally unique natural products with strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane motifs and summarized their structural features, distributions, biological activities, as well as biogenetic considerations.     

Progress of Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics (JUNA)

Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics(JUNA) will take the advantage of the ultra-low background of CJPL lab and high current accelerator based on an ECR source and a highly sensitive detector to directly study for the first time a number of crucial reactions occurring at their relevant stellar energies during the evolution of hydrostatic stars. In its first phase, JUNA aims at the direct measurements of~(25)Mg(p,γ)~(26)Al,~(19)F(p,α)~(16)O,~(13)C(α,n)~(16)O and ~(12)C(α,γ)~(16)O reactions. The experimental setup,which includes an accelerator system with high stability and high intensity, a detector system, and a shielding material with low background, will be established during the above research. The current progress of JUNA will be given.     

Three New Polyoxygenated Steroids from Two Species of the South China Sea Gorgonian Muricella flexuosa and Menella verrucosa Brundin

Three new polyoxygenated steroids, muricesteroid ( 1 ), and menellsteroids A ( 2 ) and B ( 3 ), were isolated from two species of the South China Sea gorgonian Muricella flexuosa and Menella verrucosa Brundin , respectively. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical methods and comparison with known related compounds.